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Tiepolo, Giovanni c.1696-1770 Venetian artist whose mural decorations are composed of many figures in airy settings.
Tiepolo was absorbed in the painting of biblical and mythological scenes. The colour-range used is mostly based on pastel shades and the light comes mostly from the highest part of the picture, giving the idea of being seen from below. Good examples are the 'Four mythological scenes' at the Accademia in Venice, and the decoration of the Valmarana Villa in Vicenza. His frescos were appreciated widely and he was commissioned to the Residential Palace in Würzburg, Germany, where he painted the 'Celebration of Emperor Frederick Redbeard' and 'Olympus and parts of the world', before returning to Italy. He also went to Madrid, where he painted several paintings at the Royal Palace.
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Jacopo Robusti acquired his nickname - Tintoretto - from his father's profession of dyer (tintore). Almost all his life was spent in Venice and most of his work is still in the churches for which it was painted.
Tintoretto's greatest works are the vast series of paintings he did for
the Scuola di San Rocco - scenes from the life of Christ in the upper hall and scenes from the life of the Virgin in the
lower hall. A critic wrote of the stupendous 'Crucifixion':
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Toulouse-Lautrec frequented the Moulin Rouge and other cabarets of the Montmartre district of Paris, where his wit attracted a large group of artists and intellectuals, including Oscar Wilde, and van Gogh. He also frequented the theater, the circus, and Parisian brothels. He preserved his impressions of these places and their celebrities in portraits and sketches of striking originality and power. His alcoholic dissipation, however, eventually brought on a paralytic stroke, to which he eventually succumbed. Toulouse-Lautrec's oeuvre includes a great numbers of paintings, drawings, etchings, lithographs, and posters, as well as illustrations for various contemporary newspapers. Japanese art, then coming into vogue in Paris, influenced his use of sharp delineation, and flat areas of color.
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Turner, born in London, was 15 years old when he received a rare honor - one of his paintings was exhibited at the Royal Academy, of which he eventually became a member. He travelled widely in Europe. Venice was the inspiration of some of Turner's finest work. Wherever he visited he studied the effects of sea and sky in every kind of weather. Instead of merely recording factually what he saw, Turner translated scenes into a light-filled expression of his own romantic feelings.
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